Avilian

14 Comments

• #1 by Dr Sanjib Chattopadhyay on June 12, 2011 - 9:13 am

  Quote

  

  The main point of controversy so that Benveniste affair is not getting substantial importance in mainstream science is definitely the principle of high dilution beyond Avogadro’s limit, where no molecule of the original compound exists. However, it has been advocated that diluting away of molecules is possible so long as the solution remains homogenous. When homogeneity is lost the Avogadro’s limit does not exist (1-2). We know that water has a high dielectric constant (= 80), so it can dissolve almost every solute molecule, but during ritualized succession and infinitesimal dilution, where the number of solute molecules is depleting drastically, the number of solvent molecule covering the surface of solute molecule becomes ever increasing. In other words, the entire surface of solute molecule becomes supersaturated with solvent molecule and the dielectric constant falls. Moreover, addition of ethanol (Dielectric constant = 24) to aqueous medium causes further fall of dielectric constant of the solvent. As a result, the solute molecules become more concentrated towards the bottom of the vial and non-homogeneity is established (2). If one tries to transfer a drop of such dilution to the next vial of fresh ethanol, most of the solute molecules gaining much higher speed than the solvent molecule rush to the next container. For a better understanding of such a behavior of solutes, we can make a simple observation. When a bottle of lemonade is freshly opened and drunk, there is a sharp taste of soda water. If one deeply occludes the mouth of the bottle with a thumb, shakes it vigorously, and quickly discards some part of the liquid in the same manner for four to five times, the sharpness of taste of the remaining part of the drink would fall significantly. Therefore, if homogeneity of the solution is lost, we can make serial dilution one after another without reaching zero-molecular stage. Many scientists could not produce reproducible result of Benveniste’s experiment because they could not perform it very cautiously. There should be single line of serial dilution and each steps of serial dilution should be completely identical, otherwise the scanty molecules would be absorbed in the glass vial due to their high velocity and desirable result would not be produced. Succussion is comparable to sonication, which is used in the mainstream medical science to prepare drug loaded liposomes in order to transfer minimum quantity antibacterial, antitumoral and anticancerous drugs to the target tissue. Ethanol molecule has a polar hydrophilic (-OH) head and a very short hydrophobic (CH3-CH2-) tail. Although, it does not form visible micelle or liposome, it may be presumed that during sussussion ethanol becomes reoriented to form bilayer around hydrated drug molecules (1), because after each succession numerous tiny bubbles evolve and the solution becomes frothy and turbid for a few seconds, characteristic changes also appear in NMR spectra. With the increase of potency the number of ethanol molecules, forming protective sheath around drug molecules increases. We would have to find out how could this vanishingly low number of molecules can produce visible effect on basophil? The answer is: when the medicine is applied to human cell it strikes the lipid bilayer in an enormous speed, so that entry of drug molecules to the interior of a cell even up to nucleus becomes possible by ‘flip-flop’ transition. After reaching there it binds and stimulates minute transcription factors, which can trigger synthesis of specific antibody, so that visible changes can be induced even in a 200 potency drug.

  Reference

  1. Chattopadhyay, S. Proposition of a new system of medicine based on tolerance principle. Med. Hypotheses; 59(2): 191-203, 2002
  2. Chattopadhyay, S. Biomathematical modeling for diluted drugs. Med. Hypotheses 61(1): 56-59, 2003

• #2 by Kaviraj on June 12, 2011 - 1:37 pm

  Quote

  

  To me this is nonsense.
  What you basically say is that the molecules of substance to potentise sink to the bottom. When you tip over the bottle to add drops for the next potency, those molecules come out first and so “contaminate” the next potency with dielectric lower energy. That is of course poppycock and for the following reasons.

  Like all people studying dilutes, you forget to take into account the trituration that came before the dilute. Aph 269 to 278 explain the entire conundrum – trituration produces the nano-phase, with smaller than molecular particles. Feynman explained it when he said that if we get control of the size, substances will have many different properties. During trituration, the properties change from the normal to the medicinal. Electrons are peeled off and give Conte’s -Beta scintillation. No molecules are present, since their size has been reduced by trituration.

  The dilutions therefore are not subject to Avogadro’s number. The electrons charge the water and thus one drop is sufficient to charge the next batch. No background radiation, no silica flakes from the glass, nothing but pure electromagnetic energy, measurable with NMR and showing Fibonacci number peaks in potency. I am working on an article that includes all findings by materials science, since starting at the trituration, all conundrums are explainable.

• #3 by Dr Sanjib Chattopadhyay on June 13, 2011 - 7:05 pm

  Quote

  

  According to Henri Berliocchi and Rolland Conte, the pharmacological effect of high dilutions or Benveniste affair, as well as the emission of radio wave in succussed non-molecular dilution of nitric acid was due to Contonian appearance of remanent wave, which has been developed from the NMR studies of Yves Lasne. I’ve gone through your comment but it still has some fallacies:
  1. The existence of “singularity” and “white holes merely by dilution”, which are the integral part of Contonian model has not been experimentally proved.
  2. Even the purest water in world is to some extent contaminated by minute particles. If not, as and when it enters into living cell, it becomes contaminated.
  3. If we consider subatomic particles are the sources of information it would be very much transitory, because most of such particles are extremely unstable in nature. Moreover, a subatomic particle cannot gather the total information of a complete molecule. If it does so, how would it be able to transmit information to living individual is not clear, especially, when the concept of “hyperproton”, as a subatomic particle, is an imaginary one. If it does exist and we consider remanent wave is a property of hyperprotons, it would still not persist in a two-year old homeopathic medicine, which retains its therapeutic power.
  4. There is no clear-cut message of alteration of remanent wave when potency increases. At higher dilution, surface absorption of solute molecules increases greatly, so that glass of the vial may become contaminated with drug molecule. For that reason, it is difficult to remove the faint smell of an odorous liquid from a glass vial even by repeated washing with distilled water. Higher potencies are generally prepared according to Korsakov’s method, by emptying and refilling the vial with the solvent. Some workers argue that Contonian appearance of remanent wave (Yves Lasne experiment) is merely due to soda glass contamination, because it does not appear in experiments replicated with silica glass tubes.
  5. Alteration of time dimension of a matter (cone of future), as expressed in Contonian model, merely by dilution and succussion seems to be very absurd.
  6. It is well known that several chemical antidotes (e.g. Camphor, Vinegar, Perfumes etc) can nullify the effect of homeopathic drugs on the patients. It is not supportive to non-molecular nature of medicine.
  7. Interaction between a homeopathic medicine and Contonian phases of a patient is not perceptible from existing concepts of human physiology.
  8. If the idea explained by the comment maker is true Benveniste experiment would have been 100% reproducible, but it is actually not so. Had dilution be the only criterion to increase energy level, a single drop of medicine could cure a large number of fishes suffering from ulcer (with identical symptoms), in a pond.
  The comment made by the present author is simply on dilution, not on trituration (dry potentization), which was emphasized by Hahnemann in Organon, where the medicine is grossly insoluble in water and ethanol. After triturating the same up to 3rd to 5th potency he has directed the resumption of alcoholic dilution method in its normal course.

  Trituration by crossing Avogadro’s limit was actually a later development. Gallons of medicines could be prepared from single drop of mother tincture by the apothecaries, but all would not be equally effective. Therefore, Hahnemann has preferred the single line potentization technique by the physician himself to limit the use from a single vial. The method for precipitation of proteins from their aqueous solution by the gradual addition of cold ethanol, as derived by Cohn in 1941 was due to fall of dielectric constant of the medium, is a good example of secondary attainment of non-homogeneity. Hahnemann has rightly said in Organon (aphorism 123) that he has preferred to use alcohol to prepare mother tincture, as well as for potentization purpose; his own logic was that- ‘it would prevent spoilage and decomposition’. Actually it was a better potentizing medium than water, forming micelle and liposome around hydrated drug molecule.

• #4 by Kaviraj on June 14, 2011 - 1:10 am

  Quote

  

  First of all, Rolland Conte agrees with me, as he stated in personal email contact. Secondly, I wonder where you get the idea that electrons are unstable particles, when they can directly hook up to either the lactose particles in a trituration, thus giving the necessary stability there and on dilution they will also immediately hook up with the lone pair hydrogen bonds, allowing stability.

  1. The Contonian remanent wave is as Conte himself has stated, his idea – hence “Contonian” or in plain english, according to Conte. However, since also he took only the dilution into account and because he had never thought about the triturations, he had to admit that this neglect renders some of his contentions doubtful.

  2. I never mentioned the white holes and they are also irrelevant to the discussion.

  3. Regardless the purity or impurity of the water, such “contamination” has no bearing at all on the process of potentisation, since if it did, no potentisation would at all be possible, due to contaminants.

  4. I wonder wherefrom comes the idea that the information in and of an electron or nano-particle would be very transitory. It cannot be so, since then all nano-materials would equally be transitory, whereas they are rather permanent.
  The NMR wave has also been seen in silica glass vials.

  5. Therefore, it is paramount to consider the triturations first, after which the Whole conundrum is explainable in terms used in the Organon 269-278. I also do not believe that time can change by dilution and succussion.

  6. The antidotes are about effects of the medicine as you so rightly state. Hence they are not concerned with the non-molecular nature of the remedy, but only with physical effects, which are equally grossly material. No need for any antidote to be also dynamic or non-molecular.

  7. Agreed, but then again, this is Contonian and thus the opinion of Conte.

  8. Benveniste’s experiment has been replicated over 2 dozen times, both before and after him. I think you need to read up on the literature.

  My comment refers ONLY to the triturations, since Hahnemann tells us in 269-278 that even liquid tinctures must first be triturated. So how is trituration beyond avogadro a later development? Every trituration to the 3rd centisemal is by necessity falling within the scope of nano-particles, which are smaller than a molecule and so Avogadro does not even apply – that is for molecules only.

  Regardless whether Hahnemann recommended the use of alcohol, several vegetable substances do not release their active principles in alcohol or water for the full 100%, hence his recommendation to make tinctures using a mixture of water and alcohol, borne out by the information in the homoeopathic pharmacopoeia. And he demanded that even tictures be triturated.

• #5 by Dr Sanjib Chattopadhyay on June 14, 2011 - 6:38 pm

  Quote

  

  • First of all, Rolland Conte agrees .. allowing stability.
  Ans: Please go through my comments and say: where I have remarked that electrons are unstable particles? Indeed, some other subatomic particles like muon, pion, neutron etc are transitory. Electrons jump to higher orbitals, but ultimately return to its original one by releasing energy. It cannot last for a one year old medicine. Although, electrons can contribute to the formation of stable hydrogen bond, can you confirm that such hydrogen bonds can preserve the physical and chemical properties of a molecule? Can you prove by any means that stable compounds are formed by the process of potentization? If so, the body fluid ions would automatically destabilize them when administered as medicine. My purpose was not to argue with Contonian model, but to find out its fallacies that might be solved in future. And, of course, to derive an alternate model which is more self-explanatory, which can explain all the aphorisms mentioned in Organon.

  1. The Contonian remanent wave is .. of his contentions doubtful.
  Ans: The proposed theory was also based on dilution in liquid medium. Hahnemann has never said to triturate a drug above 30th or 200th potency by milk of sugar alone, so far I know. Hering, the favorite disciple of Hahnemann actually emphasized on trituration in preparing the medicine without liquid medium.
  2. I never mentioned the white holes and they are also irrelevant to the discussion.
  Ans: No comment
  3. Regardless the purity .. due to contaminants.
  Ans: This is never ‘contamination’. I wonder why I have failed to make you understand. We know that water has a high dielectric constant, so it widely separates charges of any solute, antigen, electrolytes or drug molecule in a solution. Water molecules remain sparsely associated with the surface of positive and negative charges of the drug molecules by hydrogen bonds or ion dipole interaction. Centesimal dilution gradually increases number of solvent molecules per solute molecule. Succussion is done by repeated manual stroke at the bottom of the container and it is comparable to sonication, which is able to rearrange the solvent molecules. Centesimal dilution initially cannot affect homogeneity of a solution and the solute is diluted away with the increase of potency. After several repetition of the process water molecules rearrange themselves more closely covering the surface of charges of the solute, so that van der Waals force between adjacent water molecules increases enormously. Van der Waals forces is a very weak force in low dilution and is significant only in ultra high dilution, when two dipoles (water molecules) are very near to one another. Enormous increase of van der Waals force in ultra high dilution, creates a “screening effect” on the opposite charges of the solute, they come into more and more close proximity, and the drug molecule become more strongly encapsulated by water molecules. Homogeneity of the solution is lost and a definite density gradient becomes established. Gradually, after repetition of this process, the encapsulated solute molecules become very negligible in number, but more strongly protected by water capsule in the form of a smooth hydration sheath. Here the drug molecules can no longer be separated from the hydration sheath by any physical process, but they can hardly occupy the total volume (suppose, 100 ml) of the solution, and become more and more restricted at the bottom of the container, where they move very fast like gaseous molecules. When the volume becomes restricted within 1 ml, one would be able to lift it by a dropper and add it to 99 ml fresh distilled water to prepare the next centesimal dilution; the concentration of the second solution would remain unchanged. Then we shall call it as critical concentration. When alcohol is added to the medium critical concentration is reached much earlier and more efficiently. When the solute molecules are infinitely diluted they gain much higher speed than the solvent molecules, so that they rush to the next serial dilution (not ‘contaminate’), but they do not return to the original container due to attainment of non-homogeneity. Hence, the number of solute molecules in infinitesimal solution does not decrease proportionally with dilution when succussions are made between each step.

  4. I wonder wherefrom comes the idea .. in silica glass vials.
  Ans: The experiment was actually performed by Milgrom et al in 2001.
  Milgrom, L.R., King, K.R., Lee, J., and Pinkus A.S. On the investigation of homeopathic potencies using low resolution NMR T2 relaxation times: an experimental and critical survey of the work of Roland Conte et al. British Homeoepathic Journal; 90: 5-13, Nature Publishing Group. 2001

  5. Therefore, it is paramount to consider the triturations first.. dilution and succussion.
  Ans: No, we must consider dilution first. If the drug is insoluble in water or alcohol trituration might be opted. Moreover, trituration is a process, in which the drug molecules are inseparably mixed with milk of sugar, the latter gets absorbed in tissues and the drug molecule (or Biochemic “tissue salts”) gets an opportunity to enter there, otherwise, they might have washed away through urine and fecal matters.
  6. The antidotes .. dynamic or non-molecular.
  Ans: Antidodes, either molecular, or so-called non-molecular can nullify a homeopathic remedy with equal efficiency. What does it mean? The medicine is hardly to be non-molecular. Can you resist DNA damage by beta radiation by any allopathic medicine? No! because the stress is non-molecular.
  7. Agreed, .. opinion of Conte.
  Ans: No comment
  8. Benveniste’s experiment .. the literature.
  Ans: I‘ve gone through the literature. 2 dozen success does not mean 100% reproducible. There are some well known incidents of failure also.
  My comment refers ONLY to the triturations.. molecules only.
  Ans: I meant to say that the process of trituration is a more indispensable part of Biochemic system of medicine, which developed much later than homeopathy. Although, Hering used trituration process in making decimal dilution much before the death of Hahnemann.
  Regardless whether .. tictures be triturated.
  Ans: In aqueous solution water forms hydration sheath around drug molecule. Hydrophilic heads of alcohol attaches hydration sheath to form inverted micelle, like that of ‘water in oil’. Succussion is comparable t sonication, which helps the surrounded ethanol molecules to rearrange themselves in such a manner that their hydrophobic tails remain close together like drug loaded liposomes, widely used in mainstream medicine. With the increase of potency the ethanol capsules become more compact like your ‘nano-particle’ and get an easy access inside cell due to their high velocity.

• #6 by Kaviraj on June 15, 2011 - 10:45 am

  Quote

  

  Please go through your own comments and don’t ask me to re-read what you write;
  “3. If we consider subatomic particles are the sources of information it would be very much transitory, because most of such particles are extremely unstable in nature. ” There is the quote.
  No qualifications made about the electron. So please, be a little more precise when you write and check your own writing. I am not your editor.

  Learn also to read what I write. Where did I say “Hahnemann has never said to triturate a drug above 30th or 200th potency by milk of sugar alone, so far I know.”

  I said that Hahnemann wanted us to triturate even the tinctures – I also gave you chapter and verse, but you just like to criticise and not have a fruitful discussion, it seems. You do not read the aphorisms and so you come up with a completely nonsensical proposition, presenting it as I was the originator. If this its the level you want to debate on, then we better stop right here.

  I expect you to conduct this debate factually – just as I have done with you. I expect you to return that courtesy. If you want to ascribe all sorts of nonsense to me, the debate is over. It is both dishonest and unscientific.

  3. You have not read what I wrote and keep going on about molecules, which are not even present. Even the dielectric constant will be influenced by electromagnetic waves coming off SUBMOLECULAR PARTICLES. So the rest of the comment is for that reason irrelevant.

  4. Milgrom et al also do not consider anything but the dilution. All dilutions, when properly made, are preceded by at least 3 triturations – Hahnemann instructs to triturate up to 3C before making ANY dilutions. Thus their idea was that it must be the silica glass. You see, without any trituration, nobody can explain the dilutions properly and have to attribute NMR results to something else.

  5. “Therefore, it is paramount to consider the triturations first.. dilution and succussion.
  Ans: No, we must consider dilution first.”

  Not at all. Read again the Organon Aph 269 -278. We must NOT consider dilution first. You have a preconception and it does not follow Organon. Like all investigators, you forget the triturations, from which all dilutions are made. Neglecting that, you will always have the wrong conclusions.
  Everything starts at the beginning. The beginning for ALL AND EVERY DILUTION IS TRITURATION. If you ignore that, the conclusions drawn are neither scientific, nor correct.

  6. Antidotes can nullify the remedy in any state. What does that mean? That antidotes are DYNAMIC as Hahnemann says and also that the EFFECT of the remedy is antidoted and EFFECTS are never molecular. So the whole idea you present is neither scientific, nor correct.

  7.Trituration is not intrinsic to biochemic system alone. You have obviously not read the Organon Aph 269-278. It is also clear that even if you had, you do not understand it, nor do you understand my explanations. You already think you have it all figured out, without the Organon. I will now close the discussion, because It is also clear you do not want to understand what I am saying, being prejudiced towards your own interpretation.

  I do not interpret – I take the Organon for what it is and explain everything from that viewpoint only. You have an idea and want to twist it all, into fitting it, and as I have shown you, it does not fit – that’s all.

  8. You should also know that no scientific experiment is ever 100% reproducible so you will always find something to criticise. The conclusions of those 26 experiments – basophil granulation test – are all identical – homoeopathy works.

  Trituration is making a nano-structured mixture of lactose and substance. It is electromagnetically charged. Dilution passes that charge on to the water, through the lone pair hydrogen bonds. Succussion is amplification of the standing electromagnetic wave and this accounts for increase in amplitude, as seen in Conte’s NMR graphs. It also accounts for increased strength of the medicinal potency, as noted by all homoeopaths. As the potency increases, so does its power.

  Ethanol is not hydrophobic and there are no drug loaded liposomes in any dilution. You bring in all sorts of things that have nothing to do with dilutions to make a point which is not even clear.

• #7 by Dr Sanjib Chattopadhyay on June 15, 2011 - 7:05 pm

  Quote

  

  I think it unnecessary to make a fuss with you. Unless you go through my publications in Elsevier Press, which I have mentioned earlier, you won’t understand. Better you go through my articles (complete version) in Pubmed and Science_direct and then argue. I always used to keep communication with Dr. Jacques Benveniste by sending my articles to him on his request before his death in 2004. Although, he had some difference in opinion but he has never criticized me. I have contact with a plethora of internationally famous scientists, who always appreciated me. Among the Homeopaths, I made contact with several pioneers, including famous Dana Ullman. There are some degrees of acceptance and some orthodox controversies, but Professor Vithoulkas gave me his overwhelming support. The theory was presented in several symposia. The audience has raised a lot of questions and that were properly answered. I could have answered your questions also, but without scientific diagrams and mathematical modeling it would not work (I do not know in which discipline you belong). Latest, I have presented my work in “International Conference on Homeopathy, molecular to organismal level” from 10 to 12th December , 2010 Kolkata in front of several dignitaries, doctors and eminent scientists from all over the world. This time I have faced a very few questions. Most of them highly appreciated me. You know that whenever you try to make a breakthrough by advancing a new theory you‘d face a debacle that Contonian model did in early 90s. The hypothesis that I have proposed is so simple, self-explanatory and does not depend on anything (e.g., Arndt-Schulz Law, invisible medicinal energy, spirit-like disease force etc) beyond the purview of modern science that I have faced relatively a very few adverse opinion. My theory was cited in many scientific papers in peer reviewed journals, but as it could not raise any significant polemic, I personally think, its world-wide acceptance has been delayed.

• #8 by Kaviraj on June 15, 2011 - 8:13 pm

  Quote

  

  I do not care much who endorses anyone. I have my own discriminatory powers. Pasteur was hailed by all his peers and for 150 years medical science has followed a fallacy endorsed by all the “great scientists”. The agreement by democratic vote is not science. The publication at PubMed does not guarantee correctness. 90% of allopathic testing has been proven to be faulty, yet they still get FDA endorsement. So endorsement is no guarantee of correctness.

  Just like Galileo was not believed, I will not be believed and you are the prime example of those who do not believe. We better end the discussion here, because you do not even try to understand what I say and think that your title and endorsement by yaysayers is sufficient to give you authority. To me it is not and no matter how much you claim to have opinion on your side, it still remains opinion, which does not count in scientific work.

  You complain in your last sentence that you could not generate significant polemic, but when I give you polemic, you do not address it, but become dismissive. No wonder there is a delay in acceptance. You simply have failed to address my objections. Thanks anyway for the discussion and i hope the readers will make up their own minds.

• #9 by Dr Sanjib Chattopadhyay on June 22, 2011 - 5:56 pm

  Quote

  

  I do not know whether you are comparable to Galileo, but I’m not among those who disbelieve. I am not saying that contonian model is fake but trying to deliver an alternate model. I think you being a homeopath in practice may have wide knowledge in physics but you are not quite acquainted with the recent developments of biotechnology. Your knowledge on biochemistry also seems to be shallow. We shall now discuss the why ethanol is a good potentizing medium. We know that some phospholipid molecules are amphipathic in nature, containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moiety. As for example, phosphoglycerides contain phosphorylated alcohol as hydrophilic unit and fatty acid chains as hydrophobic unit. This special property of amphipathic molecules has been utilized for the formation of micelles, inverted micelles and liposomes. Micelles are small (4-10 nm), stable spherical droplet like aggregation of about 50-100 amphipathic molecules, hydrophobic units of which are all hidden in its interior, away from surrounding water, while their hydrophilic polar groups are oriented on the outer surface of the droplet, closely associated with surrounding water molecules. Amphipathic molecules in non-polar medium form inverted or reversed micelles. Amphipathic molecules having single long hydrophobic tail generally form micelles, e.g. fatty acids, long-chain alcohols etc, but the molecules having double tail generally form liposomes, e.g., phosphatidyl choline.
  Liposomes, by definition, are aqueous compartments, enclosed by lipid bilayer. Liposomes were discovered in the mid 1960s and originally studied to explain cell membrane models. They have since gained recognition in the field of drug delivery. Suspending suitable phospholipid molecules in an aqueous medium can form them. The mixture is then sonicated by high frequency sound to give a dispersion of closed vesicles that are quite uniform in size of about 50 nm in diameter. Ions or molecules, even several drugs including anti tumor, anticancer and antibacterial agents can be trapped in the aqueous compartment and by this way delivery of drugs to target tissue becomes possible. Due to their large size, liposomes cannot penetrate cell membrane. When injected into blood, generally they are transported and absorbed in liver, which restricts their medicinal use. Nowadays drug-loaded liposomes, coated with specific antibodies or ligands are being used for delivering drugs to different target organs.
  The role of ethanol in increasing efficiency of potentization is very crucial. Mechanical agitation, such as succession or sonication, produces random collision of molecules, cluster of molecules or solvated micelles of ethanol, resulting in the formation of strongly bound complexes. Sonication of aqueous ethanol makes it more compact and homogeneous with increased density. We know that ethanol molecule is amphipathic in nature; it has a polar head indicated by -OH group and a non-polar hydrocarbon tail represented by -C2H5. Polar head is hydrophilic and non-polar group is hydrophobic in nature. Water forms hydration sheath around positive and negative charges of drug molecules in an aqueous solution. Ethanol, though has a polar hydrophilic head and a very short hydrophobic tail, it does not form visible micelles like higher alcohols, but it may be presumed that when ethanol is added to aqueous solution of the drug to prepare mother tincture, hydrophilic heads of alcohol attaches hydration sheath to form inverted micelle forming monolayer *(21), like that of ‘water in oil’. Succussion like that of sonication, helps the surrounding ethanol molecules to rearrange themselves in such a manner that their hydrophobic tails remain close to the tails of monolayer of ethanol due to hydrophobic interaction forming a bilayer, like ‘drug loaded liposome’. It may be inferred because after each succession numerous tiny bubbles evolve and the solution becomes frothy and turbid for a few seconds, characteristic changes also appear in NMR spectra. With the increase of potency the bilayer becomes rich in ethanol molecules, more compact and gets more easy access inside cell due to their high velocity. When the medicine is applied to human body it strikes the lipid bilayer of a cell in an enormous speed, so that entry of drug molecules to the ‘interior’ of a cell even up to nucleus is possible by ‘flip-flop’ transition of the lipid bilayers. Thus, the drug becomes ‘penetratingly efficacious’, as Hahnemann has said, with the increase of potency. After reaching the interior-most part of a cell it binds the minute transcription factors *(22) , which can arrest synthesis of specific enzymes, so that ‘proving symptoms’ can be induced even in a 200 potency drug when applied in a higher dose to a healthy person. Here the forces that are responsible for stabilization of ethanol capsule as well as drug loaded liposome are as follows:
  1. Ion-dipole interaction between drug versus water molecule, especially when the former is an electrolyte,
  2. Hydrophilic interaction between drug vs. water molecules and ethanol vs. water molecules,
  3. Hydrophobic interaction between “tails” of ethanol molecules and
  4. van der Waals force between adjacent water and ethanol molecules.
  Dusting a medicine with sugar of milk effectively decreases the amount of drug material, which is not always possible in alcoholic dilutions. Sugar of milk is mainly comprised of lactose, a disaccharide, consist of two monosaccharide units- one glucose and one galactose, joined together by 1, 4 glycosidic linkage in such a way that the aldehyde group of its constituent glucose molecule remains free, which confers high reducing ability to lactose. Aldehyde group can effectively reduce the drug molecule to make it water-soluble. It may also form temporary compound with minerals. Sugar globules contains free aldehyde groups that can effectively bind hydrophilic heads of ethanol capsules, so that the capsulated drug molecules become effectively trapped into sugar globules, when the liquid medicine is poured upon the same.
  The lactose bound drug molecule is carried to the interstitial tissue spaces through blood circulation along with protective sugar coating and the latter may act as vehicle. Increasingly larger amount of sugar may form such kind of temporary compound easily with minimal amount of drug molecules, and that makes them soluble and more invasive through the intestinal blood capillaries. Such temporary compound is possibly absorbed through hepatic portal vein, moves through liver, heart, aorta, capillaries, and finally deposited to interstitial tissue spaces through the capillary pores. Sugar molecules become utilized by metabolism and minute drug molecules become free to meet the deficiency. Entry of drug molecules through the intestinal capillaries becomes much restricted by the semipermeable nature of the capillary cell membrane. Without satisfying specific concentration or osmotic gradient, drug molecules cannot be absorbed through the intestinal capillaries and soon rejected as fecal matters. Mediation of sugar molecules, which becomes easily absorbed through intestinal wall along with drug molecules, has solved the difficulty. Hence, sugar acts as “vehicle.”
  I could have end the debate here but I found my sacred duty in revealing the truth.

• #10 by Kaviraj on June 22, 2011 - 8:39 pm

  Quote

  

  It sounds all very complicated to me. Truth by its very nature is always simple and easy, since truth is for everyone the same. Since the simple-minded need to be able to access truth, your complicated explanation fails.

  Complication is also a sign of ignorance. In homoeopathy all these complicated explanations are not necessary, due to the smallness of the dose. In homoeopathy we do not follow the allopathic model as described by you. “Nowadays drug-loaded liposomes, coated with specific antibodies or ligands are being used for delivering drugs to different target organs.”

  In homoeopathy we have no “target organs” since homoeopathy is systemic in nature. Homoeopathy needs no biochemistry to isolate “several drugs including anti tumor, anticancer and antibacterial agents,” because it does not work like that. While you may know a lot more about biochemistry that I do, it is irrelevant to the action of the remedy, since we have no concepts of “anti” this, that or the other. We work with the law of similars, based on sympto totality, which entirely fails in the biochemic model and thus is inadequate to explain the mechanisms of action of a homoeopathic remedy.

  In other words, your wordy explanation hits neither the walls nor the ceiling of the conundrum regarding the action of homoeopathic remedies and is superfluous to its understanding. Differently said, you can neither dazzle me with the “scientism” nor baffle me with allopathic bullshit.

  Therefore, you have not revealed any truth, as far as homoeopathy is concerned.

• #11 by Dr Sanjib Chattopadhyay on June 23, 2011 - 8:46 pm

  Quote

  

  Yes you are right; “anti” means suppressive, the term is widely used in allopathy. Its opposite word is “pro”, means stimulatory, to be used in homeopathy. You are very close to understanding. To suppress a tumor we would use anti-tumor drug in allopathy. On the other hand, if we use pro-tumor drug in minute dose it would stimulate or trigger the synthesis of anti-tumor factors within the body itself and tumor would be subsided. Exactly the same thing we do in homeopathy. However, we would have to remember that the medicine should have the ability to form exactly similar type of tumor (hard, soft or horny, reddish, brown, etc), in the same organ in healthy individual when applied for a long time in high doses. Practically, it is impossible to run such experiment on human being. Alternatively, homeopaths give emphasis on so many symptoms that could be induced in prover by applying the medicine. The symptoms should be multidimensional, including onset, cause, location, sensation, concomitants, and modalities to select the remedies. They also give equal importance on hereditary or familial diseases, mind, taste, dreams etc in selecting the remedies. Actually they are attempting to identify the deficient transcription factor indirectly (anamnesis), which is responsible for deficiency of useful enzymes and effusion of deleterious enzymes, responsible for disease symptoms. Anamnesis in homeopathy differs from diagnosis in allopathy in the way that the former emphasizes the most uncommon non-pathological symptoms, but the latter finds out the cause of a disease according to most common pathological symptoms. Do you know how deficient the transcription factors are? You can isolate 1 mg thyrotropin-releasing hormone (a similar peptide) from 4 tones of hypothalamic tissue of goat brain from the slaughterhouse, where thousands of goats would require to be sacrificed. The medicine which could stimulate such small peptides must be ultra-minute that the homeopathic medicines are. The homeopathic medicines contain stressor in minute dose that can create a stress to human being to produce disease symptoms. As for example, plant products, used to prepare medicine contain several inhibitory alkaloids. Homeopathic drugs, “Thea” and “Coffea” prepared from tea (leafs) and coffee (fruits) contain theophylline and caffeine respectively. Among the known enzymes, phosphodiesterase is one, which binds both the alkaloids, becomes inhibited by the same. The homeopathic drug “Belladonna” is prepared from a plant, Atropa belladonna, contains an alkaloid atropine, used for expansion of pupils, while another drug “Physostigma” prepared from a plant, Calabar bean (Physostigma veneosum), contains eserine (also called physostigmine), which blocks a known enzyme acetylcholinesterase, and it can constrict the pupils. Homeopathic drug “Agaricus” is prepared from a fungus, contains muscarine, which can block acetylcholine receptors of nerve cells. Strychnine is an alkaloid of Poison Nut (Strychnos nuxvomica), which has been reported to inhibit some neurotransmitter substances. It is well understood that when they are applied in potentized form they would bind and inhibit several minute transcription factors and bring symptoms to provers. Minute application of the same triggers the synthesis of deficient transcription factors and cures the patient.

• #12 by Dr Sanjib Chattopadhyay on May 12, 2012 - 4:03 am

  Quote

  

  There is no comment. It indicates that I have won the debate. Readers please visit my webpage http://www.neohahnemannism.com for a detailed account.
  With Regards

• #13 by Kaviraj on November 26, 2012 - 4:14 pm

  Quote

  

  You have “won” nothing but my scorn. You are an allopath who does not understand homoeopathy. You have not refuted any of my arguments. You have, in other words, lost the debate. Arrogance is also not your strongest point.

  Neo-hannemannism – just another ism and an emperor without clothes.

• #14 by Dr Sanjib Chattopadhyay on April 4, 2013 - 4:21 pm

  Quote

  

  I express my deep sorrow by the tragic demise of Dr Vaikunthanath Das Kaviraj. Since last two years we used to debate about memory of water. Dr Kaviraj was very adamant in his argument. Frequently, he kept trying to convince me about the existing models of explaining homeopathy, which I intended to refute. Both of us were concerned in thinking who will win the debate and write the last word, but never had it come to an end and never it will. I have communicated several times in his facebook also. There he was a completely different person. I will miss him greatly. He was a brave warrior to campaign for the cause of Homeopathy. We have no choice but to fight the scuffle without him. Let the departed soul rest in peace in his heavenly abode.